Martha (Jane) Close 1837–1877

Martha (Jane) Close, 1837–1877 (aged 40 years)

Name

Martha (Jane) Close

Name: Martha (Jane) /Close/

Source: Contributor: Toni Close

Sex Female

Events of close relatives
Birth	about 1837 Glastonbury, Somerset, England
Baptism	11 February 1837 (aged 0) Glastonbury, Somerset, England Source: Jane Close (1837) 1837 Baptism Register, Record Type: Baptism Register, Name Of Person: Jane Close, Parish: Glastonbury, Somerset Note: Can't find a Baptism record for Martha. But if Martha and Jane were twins it would likely have been on the same day. Baptism Register
Census 1841	1841 Glastonbury, Somerset, England Source: William Close (1790) 1841 Census, Census Type: 1841 England Census, Census Place: Glastonbury, Somerset Note: Living with parents and family at Glastonbury, Somerset. 1841 Census
Death of a sister	Jane Close about July 1841 Glastonbury, Somerset, England Death Index
Burial of a sister	Jane Close 14 July 1841 Glastonbury, Somerset, England Source: Jane Close (1837) 1841 Burial Register, Name Of Person: Jane Close, Registration District: Glastonbury, Somerset Burial Register
Census 1851	1851 Huntspill, Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Source: William Close (1790) 1851 Census, Census Type: 1851 England Census, Census Place: Huntspill, Somerset Note: Living with parents and family at Huntspill, Somerset. Semstress. 1851 Census
Census 1861	1861 Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England Source: Martha Close (1837) 1861 Census, Census Type: 1861 England Census, Census Place: Westbury on Trym, Gloucestershire Note: Servant to the Champion household at Westbury on Trym, Gloucestershire. 1861 Census
Marriage	Ozmond Wood — View this family 9 August 1863 (aged 26 years) Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England Source: Martha Close (1837) 1863 Marriage Register, Name Of Person: Martha Close, Second Person: Ozmond Wood, Registration District: Gloucester, Gloucestershire, Document: Marriage Register Marriage Register Marriage Index Marriage Index
Death of a brother	Eli Close about 1864 Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Death Index
Birth of a son	William Edward Wood about 1864 Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Note: England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915 England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915 Name: William Edward Wood Registration Date: 1864 Quarter of the Year: Apr-May-Jun Registration Place: Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Volume: 6a Page: 198
Birth of a son	Herbert Wood about 1865 Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Note: England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915 England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915 Name: Herbert Wood Registration Date: 1865 Quarter of the Year: Oct-Nov-Dec Registration Place: Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Volume: 6a Page: 199
Birth of a son	Alfred Wood about 1867 Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Note: England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915 England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915 Name: Alfred Wood Registration Date: 1867 Quarter of the Year: Apr-May-Jun Registration Place: Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Volume: 6a Page: 217
Birth of a son	Henry Wood about 1868 Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Note: England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915 England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915 Name: Henry Wood Registration Date: 1868 Quarter of the Year: Jul-Aug-Sep Registration Place: Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Volume: 6a Page: 217
Census 1871	1871 Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Source: Martha Close (1837) 1871 Census, Census Type: 1871 England Census, Census Place: Dursley, Gloucestershire Note: Living with husband Ozmond and family at Dursley, Gloucestershire. 1871 Census
Birth of a daughter	Maud Mary Wood about 1871 Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Note: England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915 England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915 Name: Maud Mary Wood Registration Date: 1871 Quarter of the Year: Oct-Nov-Dec Registration Place: Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Volume: 6a Page: 220
Death of a mother	Anna Wythyes about 1872 Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England
Burial of a mother	Anna Wythyes 20 February 1872 Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Note: Somerset, England, Church of England Burials, 1813-1914 Somerset, England, Church of England Burials, 1813-1914 Name: Anne Close Age: 76 Birth Year: 1796 Burial Date: 20 Feb 1872 Burial Place: Burnham on Sea, Somerset, England
Death of a father	William Close about 1874 Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Death Index
Burial of a father	William Close 24 June 1874 Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Source: William Close (1790) 1874 Burial Register, Name Of Person: William Close, Registration District: Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset Burial Register
Note	Note: NOTE: Martha and Jane appear as two entries on the 1841 Census, but with the same age, which implies (maybe) they were twins. NOTE: Martha and Jane appear as two entries on the 1841 Census, but with the same age, which implies (maybe) they were twins. However, there doesn't appear to be a Baptism record for Martha, only Jane in 1837 at Glastonbury. This may be an error in the register. Jane appears to have died in 1841, following which, Martha seems to have become Martha Jane when she married in 1863. This may have been in honour of her twin sister.
Death	about 1877 (aged 40 years) Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Death Index
Burial	1 March 1877 (0 after death) Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Source: Martha Close (1837) 1877 Burial Register, Name Of Person: Martha Close, Registration District: Dursley, Gloucestershire Burial Register

Date differences

Family with parents
father	Links Birth: about 1790 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England Baptism: 30 May 1790 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England Marriage: 23 April 1821 — Doulting, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Census 1841: 1841 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1851: 1851 — Huntspill, Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Census 1861: 1861 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Census 1871: 1871 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Note: Death: about 1874 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Burial: 24 June 1874 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Anna Wythyes John Close Elizabeth Close Job Close Marianne Close Eli Close Mary Close Ann Close Jane Close Martha (Jane) Close Louisa Close William Close 1790–1874 Birth: about 1790 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England Death: about 1874 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England
mother	Links Birth: about 1797 — Pylle, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Baptism: 9 July 1797 — Pylle, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Marriage: 23 April 1821 — Doulting, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Census 1841: 1841 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1851: 1851 — Huntspill, Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Census 1861: 1861 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Census 1871: 1871 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Death: about 1872 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Burial: 20 February 1872 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse William Close John Close Elizabeth Close Job Close Marianne Close Eli Close Mary Close Ann Close Jane Close Martha (Jane) Close Louisa Close Anna Wythyes 1797–1872 Birth: about 1797 — Pylle, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Death: about 1872 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England
Marriage	Marriage — 23 April 1821 — Doulting, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
6 months elder brother	Links Birth: 7 October 1821 — Doulting, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Baptism: 7 October 1821 — Pylle, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Death: about 20 October 1821 — Doulting, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Burial: 23 October 1821 — Pylle, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships John Close 1821–1821 Birth: 7 October 1821 — Doulting, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Death: about 20 October 1821 — Doulting, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
15 months elder sister	Links Birth: 25 December 1822 — East Pennard, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Baptism: 13 April 1823 — Pylle, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Census 1841: 1841 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Marriage banns: 17 August 1845 — Huntspill, Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Marriage: 1 September 1845 — Huntspill, Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Census 1851: 1851 — Huntspill, Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Census 1861: 1861 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1871: 1871 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1881: 1881 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1891: 1891 — Plumstead, London, Middlesex, England Disappeared: after 1892 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Alfred Francis Anna Francis Ellen Francis William Francis Edwin Francis Thomas Francis Harry Francis James Francis Annie Francis Family with spouse Elizabeth Close 1822– Birth: 25 December 1822 — East Pennard, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
4 years elder brother	Links Birth: 22 December 1826 — Pylle, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Baptism: 24 December 1826 — Pylle, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Census 1841: 1841 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Marriage: about 1850 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Census 1851: 1851 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Census 1861: 1861 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1871: 1871 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1881: 1881 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Marriage: 18 November 1885 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1891: 1891 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1901: 1901 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Death: about 1903 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Burial: 28 May 1903 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Mary Ann Lethby James Close Job William Close Emily Close Mary Jane Lethby Close Sarah Jane Close Family with spouse Sarah Pickford Job Close 1826–1903 Birth: 22 December 1826 — Pylle, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England Death: about 1903 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England
2 years elder sister	Links Birth: about 1828 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England Baptism: 30 November 1828 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England Disappeared: after 1829 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Marianne Close 1828– Birth: about 1828 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England
3 years elder brother	Links Birth: about 1830 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England Baptism: 17 October 1830 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1841: 1841 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1851: 1851 — Huntspill, Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Marriage: about 1855 — Bridgwater, Somerset, England Census 1861: 1861 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Death: about 1864 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Sophia Washer Rhoda Jane Close Albert Close Edward Close Eli Close 1830–1864 Birth: about 1830 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England Death: about 1864 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England
4 years elder sister	Links Birth: about 1833 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England Baptism: 30 December 1833 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1841: 1841 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1851: 1851 — Huntspill, Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Census 1861: 1861 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Census 1871: 1871 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Census 1881: 1881 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Census 1891: 1891 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Death: about 1897 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Mary Close 1833–1897 Birth: about 1833 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England Death: about 1897 — Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England
2 years elder sister	Links Birth: about 1834 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England Baptism: 13 July 1834 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England Death: about 1835 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Burial: 8 July 1835 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Ann Close 1834–1835 Birth: about 1834 — Baltonsborough, Glastonbury, Somerset, England Death: about 1835 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England
4 years sister	Links Birth: about 1837 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Baptism: 11 February 1837 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1841: 6 June 1841 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Death: about July 1841 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Burial: 14 July 1841 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Jane Close 1837–1841 Birth: about 1837 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Death: about July 1841 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England
1 year herself	Links Birth: about 1837 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Baptism: 11 February 1837 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1841: 1841 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1851: 1851 — Huntspill, Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Census 1861: 1861 — Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England Marriage: 9 August 1863 — Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England Census 1871: 1871 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Note: Death: about 1877 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Burial: 1 March 1877 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Ozmond Wood William Edward Wood Herbert Wood Alfred Wood Henry Wood Maud Mary Wood Martha (Jane) Close 1837–1877 Birth: about 1837 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Death: about 1877 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England
4 years younger sister	Links Birth: about 1840 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Baptism: 13 November 1840 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1841: 1841 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1851: 1851 — Huntspill, Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Marriage: about 1860 — Bristol, Somerset, England Census 1861: 1861 — Bristol, Gloucestershire, England Census 1871: 1871 — Horfield, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England Disappeared: after 1872 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Samuel Whatley Louisa Close 1840– Birth: about 1840 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England

Family with Ozmond Wood
husband	Links Birth: 11 December 1835 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Baptism: 13 March 1836 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Marriage: 9 August 1863 — Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England Census 1871: 1871 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Note: 1878 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Martha (Jane) Close William Edward Wood Herbert Wood Alfred Wood Henry Wood Maud Mary Wood Ozmond Wood 1835– Birth: 11 December 1835 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England
herself	Links Birth: about 1837 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Baptism: 11 February 1837 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1841: 1841 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Census 1851: 1851 — Huntspill, Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England Census 1861: 1861 — Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England Marriage: 9 August 1863 — Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England Census 1871: 1871 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Note: Death: about 1877 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Burial: 1 March 1877 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Ozmond Wood William Edward Wood Herbert Wood Alfred Wood Henry Wood Maud Mary Wood Martha (Jane) Close 1837–1877 Birth: about 1837 — Glastonbury, Somerset, England Death: about 1877 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England
Marriage	Marriage — 9 August 1863 — Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England
17 months son	Links Birth: about 1864 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Census 1871: 1871 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships William Edward Wood 1864– Birth: about 1864 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England
2 years son	Links Birth: about 1865 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Census 1871: 1871 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Herbert Wood 1865– Birth: about 1865 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England
3 years son	Links Birth: about 1867 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Census 1871: 1871 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Alfred Wood 1867– Birth: about 1867 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England
2 years son	Links Birth: about 1868 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Census 1871: 1871 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Henry Wood 1868– Birth: about 1868 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England
4 years daughter	Links Birth: about 1871 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Maud Mary Wood 1871– Birth: about 1871 — Dursley, Gloucestershire, England

Show all sources
Baptism	Source: Jane Close (1837) 1837 Baptism Register, Record Type: Baptism Register, Name Of Person: Jane Close, Parish: Glastonbury, Somerset
Census 1841	Source: William Close (1790) 1841 Census, Census Type: 1841 England Census, Census Place: Glastonbury, Somerset
Census 1851	Source: William Close (1790) 1851 Census, Census Type: 1851 England Census, Census Place: Huntspill, Somerset
Census 1861	Source: Martha Close (1837) 1861 Census, Census Type: 1861 England Census, Census Place: Westbury on Trym, Gloucestershire
Marriage	Source: Martha Close (1837) 1863 Marriage Register, Name Of Person: Martha Close, Second Person: Ozmond Wood, Registration District: Gloucester, Gloucestershire, Document: Marriage Register
Census 1871	Source: Martha Close (1837) 1871 Census, Census Type: 1871 England Census, Census Place: Dursley, Gloucestershire
Name	Source: Contributor: Toni Close
Burial	Source: Martha Close (1837) 1877 Burial Register, Name Of Person: Martha Close, Registration District: Dursley, Gloucestershire

Show all notes
Baptism	Can't find a Baptism record for Martha. But if Martha and Jane were twins it would likely have been on the same day.
Census 1841	Living with parents and family at Glastonbury, Somerset.
Census 1851	Living with parents and family at Huntspill, Somerset. Semstress.
Census 1861	Servant to the Champion household at Westbury on Trym, Gloucestershire.
Census 1871	Living with husband Ozmond and family at Dursley, Gloucestershire.
Note	NOTE: Martha and Jane appear as two entries on the 1841 Census, but with the same age, which implies (maybe) they were twins. However, there doesn't appear to be a Baptism record for Martha, only Jane in 1837 at Glastonbury. This may be an error in the register. Jane appears to have died in 1841, following which, Martha seems to have become Martha Jane when she married in 1863. This may have been in honour of her twin sister.

Show all media
Baptism	Baptism Register
Census 1841	1841 Census
Census 1851	1851 Census
Census 1861	1861 Census
Marriage	Marriage Register Marriage Index Marriage Index
Census 1871	1871 Census
Death	Death Index
Burial	Burial Register
Media object	1841 Census
Media object	1851 Census
Media object	Baptism Register
Media object	1861 Census
Media object	1871 Census
Media object	Death Index Note: England & Wales, Civil Registration Death Index, 1837-1915 England & Wales, Civil Registration Death Index, 1837-1915 Name: Martha Jane Wood Age: 40 Estimated Birth Year: abt 1837 Registration Quarter: Jan-Feb-Mar Death Registration Place: Dursley, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom Death Date: 1877 Volume: 6a Page: 162
Media object	Burial Register
Media object	Marriage Register
Media object	Marriage Index Note: England & Wales, Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1837-1915 England & Wales, Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1837-1915 Name: Martha Jane Close Registration Year: 1863 Registration Quarter: Jul-Aug-Sep Registration District: Gloucester Volume: 6a Page: 465
Media object	Marriage Index Note: England & Wales, Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1837-1915 England & Wales, Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1837-1915 Name: Ozmond Wood Registration Year: 1863 Registration Quarter: Jul-Aug-Sep Registration District: Gloucester Volume: 6a Page: 465

Extra information

Last change

20 September 2022

Family navigator

Family with parents
father Parents James Close Jane Colmer	William Close 1790–1874
mother	Anna Wythyes 1797–1872
elder brother	John Close 1821–1821
elder sister Family Alfred Francis Anna Francis Ellen Francis William Francis Edwin Francis Thomas Francis Harry Francis James Francis Annie Francis Family	Elizabeth Close 1822–
elder brother Family Mary Ann Lethby James Close Job William Close Emily Close Mary Jane Lethby Close Sarah Jane Close Family Sarah Pickford	Job Close 1826–1903
elder sister	Marianne Close 1828–
elder brother Family Sophia Washer Rhoda Jane Close Albert Close Edward Close	Eli Close 1830–1864
elder sister	Mary Close 1833–1897
elder sister	Ann Close 1834–1835
sister	Jane Close 1837–1841
herself	Martha (Jane) Close 1837–1877
younger sister Family Samuel Whatley	Louisa Close 1840–

Family with Ozmond Wood
husband	Ozmond Wood 1835–
herself	Martha (Jane) Close 1837–1877
son	William Edward Wood 1864–
son	Herbert Wood 1865–
son	Alfred Wood 1867–
son	Henry Wood 1868–
daughter	Maud Mary Wood 1871–

Descendants

Martha (Jane) Close(1837–1877)
- Ozmond Wood1863